Dynamic testing is characterized by what process?

Dynamic testing is characterized by the execution of code and checking actual outputs against expected outcomes. This process involves running the software application to identify any discrepancies between what the program should do and its current functionality when actively in operation. Through this form of testing, testers can observe software behavior in real-time, which helps in uncovering issues that may not be evident through non-executive approaches.

Unlike static testing, which is focused on inspecting the code, documentation, or other project artifacts without executing the program (as seen in the other options), dynamic testing reveals actual runtime behavior. This gives testers the ability to evaluate aspects like performance, usability, and response to various inputs, offering a comprehensive understanding of the system's effectiveness. By executing the code, testers can also facilitate error detection and validation of requirements, which are critical elements in ensuring software quality.