In boundary value analysis (3 Point Method), what are the conditions tested for the lower boundary?

In boundary value analysis, particularly the 3 Point Method, the focus is on identifying the critical points at the edges of input ranges, as errors are often found at these boundaries. When considering the lower boundary of a valid input range, the conditions tested involve assessing values that are immediately below the valid lower limit, the exact value of the lower boundary itself, and a value that is just above the lower boundary.

Testing just below the valid lower boundary helps identify how the system behaves when faced with inputs that fall outside the acceptable range. By also including the boundary itself, the method ensures that this critical value is processed correctly. Finally, testing just above the lower boundary checks if the system successfully accepts the first valid input above that limit.

This approach effectively helps in validating the correct range of inputs and ensuring robust handling of edge cases. Other options do not accurately capture the principles of boundary value analysis, particularly in defining the conditions for the lower boundary. Only one valid input scenario, alongside the invalid lower and the immediate valid above it, accurately reflects the intent of boundary value testing.