Name a common defect tracking tool used in software testing.

JIRA is widely recognized as a common defect tracking tool used in software testing due to its robust features that support project management and issue tracking. It allows teams to document defects, assign them to team members, prioritize issues, and track the status of bugs throughout the development lifecycle. JIRA provides a visual workflow that enhances collaboration and communication among team members, making it easier to manage testing processes and improve overall software quality.

In contrast, while GitHub is primarily a version control system for source code management, Visual Studio serves as an integrated development environment (IDE), and Bamboo is a continuous integration and continuous deployment (CI/CD) tool. Although these tools can play complementary roles in software development, they are not specifically designed for defect tracking, which sets JIRA apart in this context.