What does static testing involve?

Static testing involves reviewing code and documentation without executing the program. This type of testing focuses on verifying if the software artifacts meet specified requirements and are free from defects through techniques such as inspections, reviews, and static analysis. The key aspect of static testing is that it does not require the software to be run, allowing for the identification of potential issues early in the development process, which can lead to cost savings and improved quality.

By analyzing design documents, requirements, and code, testers can find errors, highlight ambiguities, and ensure adherence to coding standards. This process is crucial as it can catch defects before the software is even compiled or executed, unlike dynamic testing, which requires an active running environment to identify issues.