Which of the following identifies valid and invalid classes in equivalent partitioning?

In the context of equivalent partitioning, identifying valid and invalid classes is fundamentally tied to the concept of sets of values that can be tested. Equivalent partitioning involves dividing input data into partitions or classes that are expected to produce similar results when tested.

A set of values is important because it allows a tester to categorize inputs into valid classes (where the system should function as expected) and invalid classes (where the system should handle errors or exceptions). By creating these sets, a tester can ensure that by testing just one representative value from each class, they can infer the results for all values in that class, thus maximizing test coverage while minimizing redundant tests.

Boundary conditions, while related to testing strategies, specifically focus on the edges of valid and invalid classes rather than identifying the classes themselves. An action matrix is more related to mapping out interactions or scenarios between inputs, and test scripts pertain to the actual execution of test cases rather than identifying the partitions. Therefore, the core idea of using a set of values aligns directly with the definition and goal of equivalent partitioning.